Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia it is a metabolic disease caused due to the imbalance in the blood sugar level that requires medical diagnosis, treatment and immediate controlling with some precautions.

Type 1: This form is known as insulin dependent diabetes because in this form the diabetic person needs to have daily injections of insulin.

Type 2: This form is known as noninsulin-dependent. As it is slow onset and because it can usually be controlled with diet and oral medication.

Individuals who are at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus include people who:

- Are obese (more than 20% above their ideal body weight) 
- Have a relative with diabetes mellitus 
- Belong to a high-risk ethnic population (African-American, Native American,  
   Hispanic, or Native Hawaiian) 
- Have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes or have delivered a baby 
   weighing more than 9 lbs (4 kg) 
- Have high blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or above) 
- Have a high density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than or equal to 35 mg/dL 
   and/or a triglyceride level greater than or equal to 250 mg/dL 
- Have had impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose on previous    testing. 

Other then those symptoms most commonly experienced problems for a person suffering from Diabetes:

Recognize early Symptoms diabetes: As we know diabetes is a gradually going disease hence, it expresses some early symptoms for its presence.

Rapid weight loss: Early diabetes is often revealed through unexplained weight loss. Diabetic cases even if they ate more, still there’ll be weight loss.

Frequent urination: The kidneys have to work overtime in order to purify the body of excess sugar in the case of diabetes which increases in the frequency of urination. Due to this it leads to dehydration, which causes health problems.

Thirst: The loss of water in the body due to dehydration and excess sugar can trigger thirst. Fatigue is experienced as a result of access dehydration and glucose loss.

Blurred vision: The rise in blood sugar levels causes changes in the fluids found in the eyes, which affects the diabetic’s vision.

 
Diagnosis

Diabetes can be pre-diagnosed mainly on the basis of symptoms. Urine tests and blood tests can be used to confirm diagnose of diabetes based on the amount of glucose in the urine and blood. Urine tests can also detect ketones and protein in the urine which may help diagnose diabetes and assess how well the kidneys are functioning. Standardized diet, oral medications, or insulation is done after that periodic tests can also be used to monitor the disease.

Recognizing diabetes:

The onset of diabetes is often sudden and abrupt, and may include symptoms such as:

Abnormal thirst and dry mouth
Frequent urination
Extreme tiredness / lack of energy
Apetito constant
Sudden weight loss
Slow wound healing
Recurrent infections
Blurred vision

The same symptoms listed above may also affect the type 2 diabetes, but usually the symptoms are less obvious. The emergence of type 2 diabetes is gradual and therefore difficult to detect. In fact, some people with type 2 diabetes show no symptoms evident at first. They tend to be diagnosed several years later, when various complications are already present.

Potentially fatal complications:

Without adequate production and action of insulin, glucose stays in the blood, generating chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). This can create complications in the short and long term, many of which, if not prevented and treated, can be fatal. All have the potential to reduce the quality of life for people with diabetes and their families.

The most common complications in the long term are:

Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease), which can generate total kidney failure and need dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Diabetic eye disease (retinopathy and macular edema), lesions of the retina of the eye that can lead to vision loss.

Diabetic neuropathy (nerve disease) which can lead to ulceration and amputation of feet and lower limbs.

Cardiovascular disease, which affects the heart and blood vessels and may cause fatal complications such as coronary heart disease (which causes myocardial infarction) and stroke.

Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of death by disease in the world. Each year 3.8 million people die from causes related to diabetes.

Diabetes can be prevented
Changes in the environment, and early detection measures proven to prevent diabetes can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, delaying the onset or at least reduce its impact. In the case of people with type 1 diabetes is not yet possible to prevent the disease. However, much can be done to prevent or delay diabetic complications if people have access to care, medication and an adequate monitoring equipment.